French 6: Bridges That Don't Burn
Coordinating conjunctions link two or more similar elements in a sentence.
Subordinating conjunctions: Dependent clause gives more information about the independent clause. The dependent clause is introduced by parce que, which is a subordinating conjunction. Many subordinating conjunctions end in que.
Temporal conjunctions:
Quand and lorsque both mean "when", but they aren't always interchangeable. Both can be used for temporal correlations, but lorsque refers to one particular instance, while quand can refer to one or multiple instances. Quand is also an adverb, so it can be used in questions. When in doubt, use quand.
Causal Conjunctions
Parce que, car, and puisque all mean "because" and describe some kind of cause-and-effect relationship, but they aren't completely interchangeable.
Causal Conjunctions
Parce que, car, and puisque all mean "because" and describe some kind of cause-and-effect relationship, but they aren't completely interchangeable.
Questions
The most formal way of asking a question is to use an inversion, where the verb appears before its pronoun and the two are connected by a hyphen.
However, if the subject of the sentence is a noun, then the noun should appear before the verb, although a pronoun still needs to appear afterwards.
Est-ce que (pronounced like "essk") can be added in front of a statement to turn it into a question. Remember that que elides in front of vowel sounds.
In informal speech, one of the most common ways to ask a question is simply to raise your intonation at the end of a statement, like you'd do in English.
In informal speech, one of the most common ways to ask a question is simply to raise your intonation at the end of a statement, like you'd do in English.
French has one interrogative adjective with four forms. It translates to "which" or "what" depending on the context.
The most formal way of asking a question is to use an inversion, where the verb appears before its pronoun and the two are connected by a hyphen.
However, if the subject of the sentence is a noun, then the noun should appear before the verb, although a pronoun still needs to appear afterwards.
Est-ce que (pronounced like "essk") can be added in front of a statement to turn it into a question. Remember that que elides in front of vowel sounds.
In informal speech, one of the most common ways to ask a question is simply to raise your intonation at the end of a statement, like you'd do in English.
In informal speech, one of the most common ways to ask a question is simply to raise your intonation at the end of a statement, like you'd do in English.
French has one interrogative adjective with four forms. It translates to "which" or "what" depending on the context.
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | quel | quels |
| Feminine | quelle | quelles |
Unlike an adjective, an interrogative pronoun can stand alone. For instance, the interrogative pronoun lequel can replace quel + noun. Note that it agrees with the noun it replaces.
A number of interrogative adverbs can be used to request information| Quel Form | Lequel Form |
|---|---|
| Quel cheval ? — Which horse? | Lequel ? — Which one? |
| Quels hommes mangent ? — Which men eat? | Lesquels mangent ? — Which ones eat? |
| Quelle robe est rose ? — Which dress is pink? | Laquelle est rose ? — Which one is pink? |
| Quelles lettres ? — Which letters? | Lesquelles ? — Which ones? |
- Pourquoi ("why")
- Comment ("how")
- Quand ("when")
- Combien ("how many/much")
- Où ("where")
Vocabulary
| 246 | et | and | conjunction |
| 247 | mais | but | conjunction |
| 248 | ou | or | conjunction |
| 249 | comme | as/ like | conjunction |
| 250 | donc | so/ thus | conjunction |
| 251 | car | because | conjunction |
| 252 | sinon | otherwise | conjunction |
| 253 | parce que | because | conjunction |
| 254 | lorsque | when | conjunction |
| 255 | alors que | while | conjunction |
| 256 | pendant que | during | conjunction |
| 257 | dès que | as soon as | conjunction |
| 258 | autant que | as much as | conjunction |
| 259 | si | if | conjunction |
| 436 | Que | What | question |
| 437 | où | where | question |
| 438 | lequel/ laquelle | which one | question |
| 439 | pourquoi | why | question |
| 440 | comment | how | question |
| 441 | combien | how much/ how many | question |
| 442 | quand | when | question |
| 443 | qu'est-ce que | what | question |
| 444 | qu'est-ce que c'est | what is it | question |
| 445 | quoi | what | question |
| 446 | qui | who | question |
| 447 | est-ce que | is it that…? | question |
| 448 | quel/ quelle | which | question |
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