Navigating Solutions and Darkness

Organisation:  Collective group of persons engaged in pursuing specified objectives. May be formal or informal.  Formal Organisation Structure:  Structure of jobs and positions with defined functions and relationships. This type of organization is built by management to realize the objectives of an enterprise. Can be classified as under: Line organization  Functional Organization  Line and staff organization  Project Management Organization  Matrix Organization  Line Organization:  Oldest pattern of organization.  Line functions refer to those employees who have direct responsibility for accomplishing the objective of the enterprise.  A supervisor exercises direct supervision over a subordinate and authority flows from the person at the top to the person at the lowest ring  Also known as military or scalar type of organization. It benefits from unified control and undivided loyalty, therefore gaining d...

A process whereby the relevant facts are collected and analyzed, the assumptions and premises are made for the future. In light of these assumptions and premises, a plan of action believed necessary to achieve the desired results is visualized and formulated. It involves choosing the proper course of action from among alternatives and calls for decision making. All other functions of management depend on planning. Furthermore, management is a dynamic process and therefore so is planning - the process is continuous in light of overlapping functions and changing environment. Importance: Makes personnel conscious of enterprise objectives Leads to economy in operations   Precedes control  Precious managerial instrument to provide for the future  Influences efficacy of other managerial functions  Types of Plans: Business plans - a formal statement of: largely enforced business goals the reasons why they are believed attainable  the plan for reachi...

The need for management arises because to maintain effectiveness alongside minimum adverse consequences, group efforts are properly organized, directed and coordinated. The group of people who accept the responsibility of running an organization and directing its activities form the management of that organization. Objectives of management: Achieving maximum output with minimum effort optimum use of resources  maximum prosperity  human betterment and social justice  Schools of management: Empirical approach: Understanding of management develops from the study and analysis of cases and from a comparative approach.  Interpersonal Behaviour Approach: Study of management should be based on interpersonal relations. Group Behaviour Approach: Closely related to the interpersonal behaviour approach, but centred on studying the behavioural pattern of members and groups in an organization.  Decision Theory Approach: Rational decision making is the ...