French 1: French Has Two Genders

French has two grammatical genders - masculine and feminine. Also there are personal subject pronouns and articles and subject-verb agreement is important. The concept of elisions is phonetic in nature - for example, le and la become l' when followed by a vowel. Contractions are also a phonetic phenomenon in French - for example, du is a combination of de + le. While the letter H is always silent, it can act as a vowel or a consonant when it begins a word - i.e. with regards to elisions and contractions.

Plural forms of French words usually end in '-s'. Plural forms exist not just for nouns and adjectives, but also for pronouns and verb conjugations.

Tu - Informal you
Vous - plural/ formal singular you

Pronouns, adjectives and articles must agree with their nouns in both gender and number.
French has no specialized continuous tense.

Okay,  enough nonsense. Let's get to the good stuff. (Vocabulary!!)

1	Je	I	Pronoun
2	Tu	You	Pronoun
3	Il	He	Pronoun
4	Elle	She	Pronoun
5	Nous	We	Pronoun
6	Vous	You	Pronoun
7	Ils	They (m)	Pronoun
8	Elles	They (f)	Pronoun
9	Manger	To eat	Verb
10	Le/L'/La/Les	The	Definite article
11	Un, une, des	A, some	Indefinite article
12	du, de la, de l', des	some, any	Partitive articles
13	Une fille	a girl	noun
14	Un garçon	a boy	noun
15	une femme	a woman	noun
16	un homme	a man	noun
17	Riche(s)	rich	adjective
18	une pomme	apple	noun
19	un enfant	child	noun
20	Orange	Orange	adjective
21	un chat, une chatte	cat	noun
22	noir(e)(s)	black	adjective
23	calme(s)	calm	adjective
24	Être	to be	Verb
25	Avoir	to have	Verb

26	Pain (m)	bread	noun
27	Boire	to drink	Verb
28	Eau (m)	water	noun
29	Aimer	to love, to like	Verb
30	Adorer	to love	Verb
31	Parler	to speak	Verb
32	La robe	dress	noun
33	Lire	to read	Verb
34	Ecrire	to write	Verb
35	Le livre	book	noun
36	la lettre	letter	noun
37	rouge(s)	red	adjective
38	le journal	newspaper	noun
39	le menu	menu	noun

The verbs Être and Avoir are irregular verbs, that is to say, they do not follow the usual rules when it comes to conjugation. 

Être is conjugated as follows:

Je suis - I am 

Tu es - You are 

Il/ Elle est - He/ She is 

Nous sommes - We are 

Vous êtes - You are (You in either the plural sense, or the formal sense)

Ils/ Elles sont - They are 

Avoir is conjugated as follows:

J'ai - I have

Tu as - You have 

Il/ Elle a - He/ She has 

Nous avons - We have

Vous avez - You have 

Ils/ Elles ont - They have 

Manger is a regular ER verb, which means that all regular ER ending verbs are conjugated in the same format:

Je mange - I eat 

Tu manges - You eat 

Il/ Elle mange - He/ She eats

Nous mangeons - We eat (Note: Manger is among the exceptions in ER verbs that retain the E here)

Vous mangez - You eat 

Ils/ Elles mangent - They eat 

Jouer is another ER verb conjugated similarly:

Je joue - I play 

Tu joues - You play 

Il/Elle joue - He/ She plays 

Nous jouons - We play 

Vous jouez - You play 

Ils/ Elles jouent - They play